Development

Middle Chinese

Loss of Middle Chinese tone system

Input	Reflex	Note
/ᴴ/	//
/ˣ/	//

Merger of retroflex stops with retroflex affricates

Input	Reflex	Note
/^ʈ/	/ʈ͡ʂ/
/^ɖ/	/ɖ͡ʐ/

Conversion of palatal nasals to retroflex approximants

Input	Reflex	Note
/^ȵ/	/ɻ/

Merger of palatals with retroflex

Input	Reflex	Note
/^t͡ɕ/	/ʈ͡ʂ/
/^d͡ʑ/	/ɖ͡ʐ/
/^ɕ/	/ʂ/
/^ʑ/	/ʐ/

Conversion of palatal approximant to velar approximant

Input	Reflex	Note
/^j/	/ɰ/

convert_palatalized_allophone_of_velar_fricative_to_velar_approximant

Input	Reflex	Note
/^ɦ([ˠiɨ])/	/ɰ$1/

convert_retroflex_dz_to_z

Input	Reflex	Note
/^ɖ͡ʐ/	/ʐ/

merge_retroflex_with_dentals

Input	Reflex	Note
/^ɳ/	/n/
/^ʈ͡ʂ/	/t͡s/
/^ɖ͡ʐ/	/d͡z/
/^ʂ/	/s/
/^ʐ/	/z/

- id: drop_aspiration
  transformations:
- s/ʰ//
  id: drop_glottal_stop
  transformations:
- s/^ʔ/∅/
  id: merge_glottal_fricatives_with_velar_stops
  transformations:
- s/^h/k/
- s/^ɦ/g/
  id: merge_lateral_dental_approximant_with_retroflex_approximant
  transformations:
- s/^l/ɻ/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ˠ//
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/([aɛeᴇɐɑʌ])i$/$1i̯/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/([aeᴇɪəɑ])u$/$1u̯/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/e/i̯e/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/i([aæᴇɪ])/i̯$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/wi̯/u̯/
- s/w([ɑæɛeəɨ])/u̯$1/
- s/iu([ᴇɪ])/u̯$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ɨ([u]?[ɑ])/$1/
- s/ɨ([ɐi])/$1/
- s/ɨʌ/o/
- s/ɨ[ou]/u/
- s/ɨ$/i/
- s/ɨ([nŋ])/i$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ʉ([ɐi])/u̯$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/u([aɛəɑʌo])/u̯$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/[aæɛɐəɑʌ]/a/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/[eᴇ]/e/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ɪ/i/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/[ae]i̯/e/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/[ae]u̯/o/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/iu̯/u/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/([aei])([mnŋ])/$1.$2i/
- s/([aei])([ptk]\u031A)/$1.$2i/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/([ou])([mnŋ])/$1.$2u/
- s/([ou])([ptk]\u031A)/$1.$2u/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/u̯([ou])/$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/i̯i/i/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/u̯/w/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/i̯/j/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/\.p̚/.p/
- s/\.t̚/.t/
- s/\.k̚/.k/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/\.p/.b/
- s/\.t/.d/
- s/\.k/.g/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/\.di/.d͡zi/
- s/\.gi/.t͡si/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ŋ/∅/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/∅//
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/\.i/.ji/
- s/\.u/.wu/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ɰ([aeiou])/j$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ɰj([aeou])/j$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ɰw([aeiou])/w$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/[tk]i/t͡si/
- s/[dg]i/d͡zi/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/[tk]j/t͡s/
- s/[dg]j/d͡z/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/(.)wa/$1a/
- s/w([ei])/$1/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/(.)j[aeou]/$1i/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/^a/wa/
- s/^e/je/
- s/^i/ji/
- s/^o/wo/
- s/^u/wu/
  id: palatalize_dental_affricates
  transformations:
- s/t͡s/t͡ɕ/
- s/d͡z/d͡ʑ/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ɻi/ji/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/ni/ȵi/
- s/si/ɕi/
- s/zi/ʑi/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/e/e̞/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/o/o̞/
  id: TODO
  transformations:
- s/d͡ʑa/자/
- s/d͡ʑe̞/저/
- s/d͡ʑo̞/조/
- s/d͡ʑu/주/
- s/d͡ʑi/지/
- s/t͡ɕa/짜/
- s/t͡ɕe̞/쩌/
- s/t͡ɕo̞/쪼/
- s/t͡ɕu/쭈/
- s/t͡ɕi/찌/
- s/ga/가/
- s/ge̞/거/
- s/go̞/고/
- s/gu/구/
- s/ka/까/
- s/ke̞/꺼/
- s/ko̞/꼬/
- s/ku/꾸/
- s/na/나/
- s/ne̞/너/
- s/no̞/노/
- s/nu/누/
- s/ȵi/니/
- s/da/다/
- s/de̞/더/
- s/do̞/도/
- s/du/두/
- s/ta/따/
- s/te̞/떠/
- s/to̞/또/
- s/tu/뚜/
- s/ɻa/라/
- s/ɻe̞/러/
- s/ɻo̞/로/
- s/ɻu/루/
- s/ma/마/
- s/me̞/머/
- s/mo̞/모/
- s/mu/무/
- s/mi/미/
- s/ba/바/
- s/be̞/버/
- s/bo̞/보/
- s/bu/부/
- s/bi/비/
- s/pa/빠/
- s/pe̞/뻐/
- s/po̞/뽀/
- s/pu/뿌/
- s/pi/삐/
- s/za/사/
- s/ze̞/서/
- s/zo̞/소/
- s/zu/수/
- s/ʑi/시/
- s/sa/싸/
- s/se̞/써/
- s/so̞/쏘/
- s/su/쑤/
- s/ɕi/씨/
- s/ja/아/
- s/je̞/어/
- s/jo̞/오/
- s/ju/우/
- s/ji/이/
- s/wa/하/
- s/wo̞/호/
- s/wu/후/
- s/\.//